Summaries historic

After nearly three months of twists by seas and oceans, October 27 1492, Christopher Columbus arrived on the shores of Cuba. Eighteen years later, in 1510, Diego Velazquez began the conquest of Cuban territory. After that date are for the first villages: Baracoa (1512), Bayamo (1513), Trinidad (1514), Sancti Spiritus (1514), Santiago de Cuba (1515), Havana (1515) and Camaguey (1515).

Ever since the Spanish conquistadors settled in Cuba, underwent Aborigines to slavery, so its population was extinguished in a few decades. To fill this labor, Spain imported thousands of blacks from Africa to work as slaves on sugar plantations. And introduced an element which, when mixed with Spanish, gave birth to the Cuban or Creole. As the Creole is strongly linked to Cuba, his homeland, was increasingly losing their contact with Spain and was not prepared to occupy a secondary place in front of merchants and metropolitan governments that only force them to negotiate with them. He was an emerging sense of nationalism that found its ultimate expression in the nineteenth century with the onset of the wars of independence.

In the middle of the eighteenth century, a fact strongly Unexpected shook the economic, political and social development of Cuba: the occupation of Havana by the British in 1762. During eleven months entered the port habanero more than a thousand ships that trade with a broad set Thirteen of the American Colonies, while the British introduced more than ten thousand slaves to boost the development of the sugar industry. Havana was recovered in 1763 to be changed by the Peninsula of Florida discovered and conquered by Spain in the sixteenth century.
Given these facts, the process of forming the Cuban nationality was accelerated and became increasingly strong the idea of liberation. On October 10, 1868 began the struggle for national independence. Bayamo The landowner and lawyer Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, burned the sugar mill owned by him, "The Demajagua," proclaimed the independence of Cuba and gave freedom to his slaves. Erupted the first war of independence, which lasted ten years (until 1878). In this war were highlighted figures like Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, Antonio Maceo, Máximo Gómez, Ignacio Agramonte, Calixto García and others.

In 1878 began a truce in hostilities that arose in the figure highlight of the Cuban struggle for independence: José Martí (1853-1895), who founded the Cuban Revolutionary Party. On February 24, 1895, war broke out again led by José Martí, who fell in combat three months later, on May 19. Máximo Gómez and Antonio Maceo continued to fight and spread the war from the east to Cuba. Spain was able to do anything before the advance of troops for independence. United States, which saw the imminence of the Cuban triumph and ambition from decades ago, the possession of Cuba, declared war on Spain on the pretext the dark fact of the explosion of the U.S. battleship "Maine", anchored in the bay of Havana. The war ended with the signing of a peace treaty (Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898) between Spain and the United States under which North America was the absolute control of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. On May 20 of 1902 to Cuba was granted after three years under U.S. tutelage, a formal independence controlled by an oligarchy dependent on Washington that turned the country, in fact, in neocolony United States. Since then, successive American governments corrupt and interventions that fulfilled the mission of delivering increasingly the country's wealth to foreign interests.

El 10 de marzo de 1952 el general Fulgencio Batista dio un golpe de estado e instauró una de las dictaduras más represivas en la historia de Cuba. On March 10, 1952, General Fulgencio Batista took a coup d'etat and established one of the most repressive dictatorships in the history of Cuba. On July 26, 1953, a group of young men with Fidel Castro at the helm, attacked in Santiago de Cuba (east of the country), the Moncada barracks, the second Cuban military fortress, with the goal of arming the people and launch a general insurrection. The assault ended in military defeat, but stressed to Fidel Castro as leader of the future revolution, who along with other surviving assailants were sentenced to prison in the Modelo Prison on Isla de Pinos (Isle of Youth today). A strong popular campaign got amnesty for prisoners, who were exiled in Mexico in 1955.

In Mexico, Fidel Castro organized his colleagues in the attack on the Moncada barracks and other revolutionaries who joined him, including the Argentine Ernesto "Che" Guevara. It left the Mexican port of Tuxpan to Cuba aboard the yacht "Granma" and landed the Dec 2 1956 by the Las Coloradas beach, south of the eastern region, restarting the armed struggle, this time as guerrillas in the mountains of the Sierra Maestra. At the same time be organized throughout the country, the clandestine struggle.

The first of January 1959, the dictator Fulgencio Batista, finally defeated by the revolutionary forces led by Fidel Castro, left Cuba. Había triunfado la Revolución Cubana. The Cuban revolution had triumphed. The government launched a revolutionary socialist program for the development of the country, while driving a deep social development agenda that has made Cuba the country to greater levels of social justice throughout the Third World. In this program highlights the huge achievements of public health in Cuba who aspires to be a world power in education, free at all levels and compulsory up to secondary school, in sports, and culture accessible to all Cubans and proclaimed by our artists around the world.

Historic dates

27 1492: Discovery of Cuba by Christopher Columbus.

Nov 16 1519: Foundation of San Cristobal de La Habana in its current location. This is the last of the seven Villas established by the Spaniards.

August 12 of 1762: Takes of Havana by the English.

Jan 28 1853: birth of our national hero José Martí.

October 10, 1868: Top of the wars of independence.

March 15, 1878: Protests Baragua.

1880: formal abolition of slavery, becomes effective after six years.

April 10, 1892: Foundation of the Cuban Revolutionary Party.

February 24, 1895: Start of the last of the wars of independence.

May 19, 1895: José Martí died in combat.

December 7, 1896: Antonio Maceo died in combat.

1898: U.S. Intervention.

May 20, 1902: The U.S. government establishes a neocolonial republic related to their interests.

1925: Foundation of the first Communist Party of Cuba.

July 26, 1953: Assault on Moncada Barracks by young revolutionaries led by Fidel Castro.

December 2 1956: landing of the yacht Granma.

Jan 1 1959: Triumph of the Revolution.

April 19, 1961: defeats in the Bay of Pigs invasion of the mercenary-imperialist.

December 22, 1961: Declared Free of Illiteracy Cuba.

Holidays

1st. January: Liberation Day. Anniversary of the Triumph of the Revolution.

1st. May: International Day of Workers.

25, 26 and July 27: Celebrations for the Day of National Rebellion.

Oct. 10: Top of the Wars of Independence.

Dec. 25: Christmas Day.

Commemorations

1st. January: Liberation Day. Anniversary of the Triumph of the Revolution.

1st. May: International Day of Workers.

July 26: Celebrations for the Day of National Rebellion.

July 30: Day of the Martyrs of the Revolution.

Oct. 10: Top of the Wars of Independence.

Dec. 7: Day of the fallen by the defense.